Channel: New Mind

Category: Education

Tags: does gdi mean turbodoes gdi cleaner workdoes gdi mean dieselgdi servicesdoes gdi engine need synthetic oilgdi fuel injection systemgdi fuel systemgdiboschgdi enginegdi vs fuel injectiondirect injectiongasoline direct injectiongdi meaning

Description: Thanks to Noom for sponsoring this video! Click here to take the free online evaluation: bit.ly/noom_newmind DESCRIPTION By the late 1990s, the century old concept of directly injecting gasoline into a combustion chamber, would merge with the recent introduction of high performance 32-bit embedded microprocessor based engine management systems to produce the next milestone of fuel injection development, electronic gasoline direct injection. First introduced in 1996 Japanese-market Mitsubishi Galant, modern gasoline direct injection or GDI works in a manner similar to it’s common rail diesel injection counterpart, where a relatively low pressure fuel supply that is pumped electrically is mechanically pressurized to up to 350 bar or about 5000psi. These high pressure pumps are generally camshaft driven plunger mechanisms that regular fuel pressure with an ECU controlled solenoid bypass valve. The high-pressure fuel is then fed to a common rail where it supplies an ECU controlled injector that sprays directly into the combustion chamber. Unlike direct fuel injection of the past, modern GDI systems use a precisely metered spray of fuel that is accurately timed to exploit it’s flow characteristics, as it enters the combustion chamber. The swirl pattern of the injected fuel is tightly controlled by the injector’s placement relative to the spark plug and valves, fuel injection timing, and by the geometry of the piston’s top face. Because of the mixing characteristics of the higher fuel pressure combined with the induced swirl, homogenous direct fuel injection is capable of producing more power overall when compared to manifold fuel infection, permitting the use of smaller engines. Fuel efficiency is also slightly increased as comparatively less fuel enrichment is needed under certain engine conditions. GDI TECHNIQUES In general, one of three techniques are employed in order to shape the distribution of fuel within the combustion chamber. In wall guided direct injection. This technique is highly reliant on precise injection and ignition timing and also suffers from incomplete combustion issues at lower to medium engine load, due to the relatively cooler piston surface the fuel contacts. Another less popular technique is known as air guided direction injection. Often a hybrid model of wall guided and air guided direct injection is used to compensate for the deficiencies of both techniques. The most popular of these three techniques is known as spray guided direct injection. Because ignition takes place immediately after injection and at a precisely determined location within the gradient, engine efficiency is increased. GDI INJECTORS GDI injectors require a technique known as peak-and-hold, where the injector is quickly opened with a relatively high peak voltage that produces a high current surge. Throughout the 2000s GDI technology began to expand rapidly among the automotive industry. By 2018, GDI had seen the highest level of adoption of any emerging efficiency technology, reaching 51% new vehicles manufactured. Some manufacturers have addressed both issues by the use of a two stage system that employs both direct injection for fuel efficiency and manifold injection for peak power and cleaning action. While GDI engines produce significantly less CO2 emission, the use of ultra-lean stratified charging suffers from excessive nitrogen oxides production and higher levels of black carbon aerosols than traditional fuel injection. This combined with the relatively low gains in efficiency had led several manufacturers to abandon the concept, relying solely on homogenous charging. Other noteworthy disadvantages include injector wear due to the high operating pressures involved and lack of suitable lubrication and the need for more complex diagnostics procedures in their service. FUTURE Despite the expeditious nature of the adoption of electric vehicles in recent years, the automotive industry anticipates that more than 80% of light duty vehicles sold in 2030 are still expected to have an Internal Combustion Engine. With most of these vehicles being gasoline powered, it’s anticipated that the fuel injection technology market will grow by over 30% in both the US and EU over the next 5 to 10 years. Still, with the shift towards electric vehicles underway, it’s quite likely that the current state of fuel injection technology may prove to be the final evolution of a century and a half long pursuit of mixing fuel with air, to extract work from combustion. SUPPORT NEW MIND ON PATREON patreon.com/newmind SOCIAL MEDIA LINKS Instagram - instagram.com/newmindchannel